Homoeopathy is based on the nature’s law called law of similar: “What a substance can cause, it can cure.” This law was known by Hippocrates, the Father of medicine, in 500 BC. The method of application of this law was discovered by a genius German Physician, Dr.Samuel Hahnemann (1755-1843) ‘The Father of Homoeopathy.’
 It is based on the fundamental principle "Similia Similibus Curantur" which means "Like cures like". Meaning, a substance which produces a set of symptoms in an healthy individual can treat those similar set of symptoms in a sick individual. For example, drinking coffee can cause insomnia but used in the homeopathic form, coffea is often used to treat insomnia.

 
In the 18th century, many injurious methods were used for treatment of diseases like purgatives, bloodletting, blistering plasters, emetics and medicaments in toxic doses which lacked a rational basis & was usually more harmful than effective. Dr Hahnemann was dissatisfied & tired of the harsh methods that were used to treat patients during his time. 
He gave up his medical practice and started writing & translating books for making a living. 

While translating William Cullen's 'A Treatise on the Materia Medica', Hahnemann came across the claim that cinchona, the Peruvian bark, was effective in treating malaria because of its bitter & astringent properties.
 He wrote a bold footnote in his translation, disputing Cullen's explanation. Hahnemann asserted that the efficacy of the Peruvian bark must be for other factors, since there existed other substances and mixtures of substances decidedly more bitter and more astringent than Peruvian bark that were not effective in treating malaria. This induced him to undertake an experiment with Peruvian bark on himself in 1790.
 He took four drachms of Cinchona twice a day for several days until he developed paroxysms of chill and fever. In his practice as a physician he had seen similar paroxysms of chill and fever. He had cured them with Cinchona, the Peruvian bark. The inference stood out boldly. Peruvian bark cures paroxysms of chills and fever because Peruvian bark produces paroxysms of chills and fever. Thus, the principle of 'Like cures like' was concluded by Hahnemann.

According to the homeopathic philosophy, a disease originates from a disturbance of the patient’s "vital force." This is the life force energy that sustains life. As the origin of disease occurs on this energetic level, to affect the vital force, a similarly energetic, homeopathic remedy must be employed on this level.

Homeopathic remedies, though made from natural substances such as plants, minerals, animals, etc., are manufactured unlike any other medicine. Through a process of serial dilution a very dilute extract is made. With every step of dilution the remedy is vigorously shaken-succussed. This process of succussion is designed to arouse the dynamic nature of the medicine. This is known as 'Potentization' of the remedies.

The medicines were studied and experimented on healthy individuals and the subjective experiences of each of them were recorded systematically. This was known as 'Provings'. The physical, mental and emotional symptoms are recorded in depth. All homeopathic medicines have been "proved" on healthy volunteers to learn how they act.

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